Monday, 25 August 2025

What Is Mass? Resistance, Not Substance

In classical mechanics, mass is a fundamental property — a measure of how much matter an object contains, or how much it resists acceleration. In quantum field theory, mass becomes more abstract: particles acquire mass through interaction with fields (notably the Higgs), and massless particles (like photons) behave quite differently.

But from a relational ontological perspective, mass is not a substance nor a fixed attribute. It is best understood as a measure of relational resistance — a dynamic expression of how readily a given potential configuration yields to transformation under constraint.


1. Classical Concepts of Mass

Traditionally, mass is defined in two related ways:

  • Inertial mass: resistance to acceleration (F = ma),

  • Gravitational mass: the source of gravitational attraction (Newton's law of gravitation).

In Newtonian mechanics, these are assumed to be equivalent — a curious empirical fact without theoretical explanation.

In relativity, mass and energy are related (E = mc²), and in field theory, mass emerges through symmetry-breaking and interaction. The deeper one looks, the less “mass” resembles a property of a thing.


2. A Relational View: Mass as Resistance to Actualisation

In relational ontology:

  • There are no particles with mass; instead, coherent patterns of relation exhibit differential resistance to transformation,

  • Mass is not “what a thing has” but how tightly it is embedded within a relational field,

  • More massive configurations are less susceptible to reconfiguration — they are relationally dense, requiring greater energetic tension to shift.

Thus, mass indexes relational inertia, not substance.


3. The Higgs Field Reframed

In the Standard Model:

  • The Higgs field permeates the vacuum, and particles acquire mass through interaction with it,

  • The more strongly a particle interacts with the Higgs field, the more massive it is.

From a relational standpoint:

  • The Higgs field can be seen as a topological constraint on the field of potential,

  • What appears as “interaction” is a limitation in how flexibly coherence can shift within that domain,

  • Mass is thus not conferred by the field, but emerges from how relational transitions are structured and resisted within the systemic whole.


4. Mass and Relational Topology

We might say:

  • A photon is “massless” not because it lacks substance, but because its coherence propagates freely across the relational field,

  • A Higgs boson is massive because its configuration strongly anchors local coherence — it resists displacement within the wider topology,

  • Mass arises when degrees of freedom are tightly coupled, inhibiting variation and stabilising structure.

Mass, then, marks a bottleneck in the relational field’s capacity to redistribute potential.


5. Implications and Interpretive Shifts

Understanding mass relationally allows us to:

  • Avoid reifying it as a “thing” or intrinsic feature of objects,

  • See all mass as emergent from systemic constraint, not added to particles by external agents,

  • Recast “mass-energy equivalence” as a relational tension equivalence — mass and energy both measure the cost of transformation under constraint.


Closing

Mass is not a mysterious glue or intrinsic substance. It is the signature of how coherence resists transformation within a dynamic relational field. Inertia is not a property of particles, but a pattern of constrained potential — a stabilised reluctance to change.

In our next post, we’ll take up the notion of particles themselves — and ask whether they really exist at all.

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