Thursday, 28 August 2025

What Is Force? Constraint and Reconfiguration in a Relational Field

In classical mechanics, force is the foundational cause of motion: an external influence that pushes or pulls an object, altering its state of motion. Newton’s laws rest on this view — force causes acceleration, resistance is due to mass.

In more advanced physics, force becomes abstracted: fields replace direct pushes and pulls, and interactions are mediated by virtual particles. Still, the underlying metaphor persists — force as action between entities.

But from a relational ontological perspective, force is not something exerted by one object on another. Instead, force reflects the degree to which a relational configuration is constrained or modulated — a systemic asymmetry that results in a reconfiguration of coherence across a field of potential.


1. Classical Notions of Force

Classically:

  • Forces (like gravity or electromagnetism) are vectors acting on bodies,

  • They are described by laws (e.g. F = ma or the inverse square law),

  • They require identifiable sources and targets — a particle A pulling or pushing on particle B.

This framework treats objects as primary, and force as external influence.


2. Relational Reframing: Force as Constraint Geometry

In a relational ontology:

  • There are no isolated objects or external forces,

  • What appears as “force” is a shift in the balance of constraints within a relational field,

  • Movement (or resistance to movement) reflects how the field reorganises under asymmetric tension.

Force, then, is not an action between two things — it is the differential in relational tension that drives local reconfiguration.


3. Fields and Forces Reconsidered

Quantum field theory and general relativity already begin to move away from the classical idea:

  • In QFT, forces arise from interactions of fields, not pushes between particles,

  • In GR, gravity is not a force but the curvature of spacetime — an expression of how the geometry of the field guides trajectories.

Relational ontology completes this shift:

  • There is no “field in space” — the field is space, structured by constraints,

  • Force is a topological gradient — an imbalance in the coherence of the system that results in directed transformation.


4. Newtonian Force as Emergent Approximation

Newtonian force laws work well as a local approximation when:

  • The relational field is stable enough to treat configurations as objects,

  • The constraint gradients are gentle, and transformations are reversible.

But at finer scales, or under relativistic or quantum conditions, this object-based model breaks down. What persists is the relational logic:

  • Constraint differentials produce preferred directions of actualisation,

  • What looks like “acceleration” is a shift in coherence within the local field structure.


5. Implications for Interpretation

Understanding force as relationally emergent allows us to:

  • Move beyond anthropomorphic metaphors of “pulling” and “pushing”,

  • Recognise that agency is systemic — not located in an object, but distributed across the field,

  • Reframe interactions (gravitational, electromagnetic, etc.) as modulations in how coherence propagates under constraint.

This applies equally well to strong and weak nuclear forces, which are better understood as phase-structured symmetries within relational fields than as particles “exchanging” force-carrying entities.


Closing

Force, like mass or energy, is not a substance nor a vector from one thing to another. It is a manifestation of asymmetry in relational constraint — a localised rebalancing of systemic tension. What moves is not a body under pressure, but a pattern adjusting itself in response to field-level coherence dynamics.

In the next post, we will turn to fields themselves — not as backgrounds for forces to play out, but as ontologically primary structures of relational potential.

No comments:

Post a Comment